Scientists from the Developmental Biology and Molecular Cell Biology Labs of the Department of Biology and Technology of Tsinghua University discovered a novel regulatory mechanism of TGF-β that induced vertebrate embryonic mesoderm growth in zebrafish research. Their research results Published in the "Science" magazine published on October 1. Animals, including humans, are all developed from single-cell embryos. Embryonic development is an extremely complex process. The formation of various tissues and organs involves cell proliferation, differentiation, and movement. These processes must be precisely controlled. Any error in one of the links will result in malformation, even death, or multiple congenital diseases. The factors that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and movement in this system include growth factors, cytokines, growth inhibitory factors, and extracellular matrix-derived signals. Among them, growth factors play a role through the specific binding to the cell growth factor receptors. Growth factors act on many types of cells, while others only work on specific cells. There are a variety of growth factors found so far, and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is one of them. TGFβ is a superfamily that includes transforming growth factor β, bone morphogenic protein (BMP), activin, etc. Nodal protein is a member of this superfamily. Scientists have long identified the Nodal protein as a key signal for inducing mesoderm production in vertebrate embryos. They found that in order to ensure that there are not too many mesodermal tissues, embryonic cells will produce some proteins that inhibit Nodal signaling. They bind to the Nodal signal's positive regulator (a factor that promotes Nodal's function) and weaken Nodal's activity. Is there any other mechanism to suppress Nodal signals? The Developmental Biology Laboratory led by Professor Meng Anming from Tsinghua University collaborated with the Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory headed by Chen Shuguang to study the zebrafish and found that in the early development of zebrafish embryos, a gene called Dpr2 was in the mesoderm. There is a specific expression in the precursor cells. Dpr2 protein negatively regulates Nodal signaling. Inhibition of Dpr2 expression can increase mesodermal tissue, while increased expression can reduce mesodermal tissue. Their study further found that Dpr2, through binding to transforming growth factor beta receptors, accelerated the dissolvable body degradation of these receptors, thereby regulating the induction of mesoderm growth by Nodal signaling. Meng Anming said: "Embodiments and laws of embryonic development in different vertebrates are very similar. Zebrafish are vertebrates and are excellent model animals for the study of embryonic development. This research can be extended to other species. In addition, in view of TGFβ signaling, Enhancement is related to the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. In the future, we can also explore the role of Dpr2 gene in the development of tumors. According to reports, this research work lasted more than four years and was completed by domestic scientists in China.
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