The feed cost of fish farming generally accounts for more than 60% of the total culture cost. Taking appropriate measures to increase the feed utilization rate and reduce feed costs is the key to improving fish farming efficiency.
1. Stocking quality fish species. High-quality fingerlings have a fast growth rate and have a high rate of digestion and absorption of feed. In production, we must pay attention to the excellent selection, complete body, and robust fish species. In addition, in the stocking mode, it is necessary to highlight the main fish and properly match other fish, so that feeds suitable for the nutritional needs of the main fish can be selected to increase the utilization of the feed.
2. Ensure feed nutrition. Feeding compound feed is an important way to reduce the cost of fish feed. However, different diets and different stages of development require different nutrient content of the feed. Therefore, to make the fish grow faster and the feed cost is lower, the nutritional composition of the feed must meet the physiological needs of the fish. When formulating feed, according to the nutritional needs of the main fish, choose the appropriate formula to meet the nutritional needs of the main fish without wasting feed. After all kinds of raw materials are crushed and mixed, they are made into a suitable grain type for the main fish to feed, which is conducive to the absorption and utilization of nutrients by fish, reducing feed loss and improving utilization.
3. Reasonable feeding. Feeding should be uniform, appropriate, timed, positioned, and should not be full of hunger, affecting fish digestion and growth. Feeding amount is directly related to feed utilization rate. Fish do not have stomach, and can not store feed for long time to digest and absorb. If you eat too much, the feed will not be completely digested and excreted, resulting in waste; the lack of feeding will affect the growth of fish. In production, it is advisable to ensure that more than 80% of the fish are satisfied with each feeding. The number of feedings depends on the feeding characteristics of the fish and the season and temperature. The number of high-temperature period is more, the number of low-temperature period is less, the number of fry stages is more and the number of fish species stages is less; under normal circumstances, it is appropriate to feed 2 to 3 times a day.
4. Fertilizer fish farming. Fertilizer fish farming is an effective method to reduce the cost of feed for fish farming. Commonly used fertilizers include urea, ammonium bicarbonate, superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, and compound fertilizers. When using, you should master the principle of small amount and multiple times. Apply it every 3 to 5 days for a long time. Apply 2-3 grams of urea or 5 to 10 kilograms of ammonium bicarbonate, or 8 to 10 kilograms of superphosphate. The application of chemical fertilizers can rapidly increase the amount of plankton in ponds, and has a better effect on earthworm and catfish.
5. Grass fish farming. Grass cultivation of fish is an effective way to solve fish feed, reduce fish feed costs, and increase the economic benefits of fish farming. When the green feed is planted, it can be provided with green feed for the needs of fish as long as it is scientifically arranged and the seasons converge. The high-quality grasses used for fish farming include ryegrass, sudangrass, alfalfa, bitter-selling vegetables, pennisetum, and red and white clover. The annual output of these pastures ranges from 2500 to 5000 kg per mu.
6. Inducing insect breeding fish. In summer and autumn, insect traps are installed on the surface of fish ponds to attract all kinds of insects to feed fish directly; artificially cultivated fly maggots, cockroaches, and mealworms are also feeds for fish. Feeding these feeds can greatly reduce feed costs for fish farming.
7. Maintain good water quality. Good water quality, adequate dissolved oxygen, fast fish growth, high feed utilization rate, reduced feed costs, and high on the contrary. Therefore, during the breeding season, especially in the season of fish growth, regular use of new water, lime water, microbial preparations, and aeration machines are used to regulate water quality, so that the pool water always maintains a high dissolved oxygen content. The transparency creates a good environment for the growth of fish.
8. Prevent fish diseases. After the fish is ill, it affects both feeding and feed utilization. Production, we must attach great importance to the prevention of fish diseases, timely clear pond disinfection, fish disinfection, water disinfection and water quality regulation, regular feeding baits to prevent fish disease.
9. Implement integrated fish farming. It is based on fish farming, comprehensive management of fishing, farming and animal husbandry, and comprehensive utilization. All localities can adopt the combination of fruit and grass carp and Sanki fish ponds in accordance with local conditions. They can also conduct the local fertilizer and some feeds in order to reduce the cost of fish farming. .
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